a) Black furred vs tan furred mice: There are two types of mice such as black mice and tan mice. However, in night and as rocks are black in color, black mice are not visible, thus, hawks can easily find the tan mice and will be consumed by the hawk, but not the black mice. Thus, tan mice will extinct and large number of black mice would survive and the trait inherited is fur color. Its an example of descent with modification.

b) Long tailed vs short tailed peacocks: The long tail of feathers is the characteristic to attract mate and to stop predators from going away. Thus, long tail peacocks produce more offspring than the one with short tailed. Thus, the trait will be passed on and all the peacocks will have plumage and with the change in the color of tail of peacock, it became known that peahens prefer bright colored plumage.

c) White, black and brown mice: Evolution happens due to natural selection. White colored are visible to the predators; thus, their trait will not move to the next generation. Brown and Black colored mice can camouflage; thus, their traits will pass to upcoming generation.

d) Long vs short neck giraffes: Few giraffes have short neck whereas the others have longer necked. Due to some calamity, if shorter plants are unavailable, then giraffes with short neck will not be bale to survive, thus only long neck giraffes would survive and reproduce and pass the traits.

e) Gray vs green tree frogs: On the tree barks both these types of frogs will be found. As grey colored tree frogs can better camouflage, thus have more chances of surviving from the predators such as snakes and bird and its trait will be passed down the generation to come. Thus, treefrogs have been favored in this selection.

f) Red vs green bugs: the bugs which are hunted in this case is red bugs, by the birds, thus they will get extinct within few years and the green bugs will multiply in number and produce more offspring.

g) Penguins, flightless birds: Penguins are swimmers, which helps them in hunting food and run from the predators. However, there is no land availability, thus their predator and food will be present in water.

h) Venus flytrap: In plants as well, natural selection occurs. They are found in soil, where nitrogen is absent and are carnivores. For their survival, they trap insects which have nitrogen, thus it becomes a source for plant to thrive.

i) Sharks: Sharks to protect themselves have defense mechanism, the top side is blue- grey in color, whereas the beneath is white colored. This color change helps them to camouflage in water, where someone looking from down finds it blue in color and white color is balanced by the light coming from the water.

j) Green and brown beetles: Since the ground is brown in color, green color beetles are easily visible. Thus, green one will become extinct and the brown will dominate the green ones during the day, whereas in night brown beetles will be easily spotted. Thus, both the species will be affected depending upon the climatic conditions.