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Reticular Connective Tissue: Definition, Meaning, and Examples
Continue ReadingReticular Connective Tissue Definition
A kind of connective tissue characterised by the preponderance of type III collagen reticular fibres that produce a labyrinth-like stroma for lymphocytes.
One of the most important animal tissues is connective tissue. Ground material, cells, and fibres make up many connective tissues. They are located in the spaces between organs or other tissues, linking and/or supporting them.
An amorphous gel-like material is the ground substance in connective tissues. They are made up mostly of water, glycosaminoglycans, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans and are located between cells.
Collagen, elastic, and reticular fibres are the three primary kinds of connective tissue fibre. A reticular connective tissue is a connective tissue with a vast network of reticular fibres.
The reticular fibres are mostly made up of type III collagen (100-150 nm in diameter), which is produced by reticular cells, which are unique fibroblasts. Crosslinking of reticular fibres forms a delicate meshwork.
The kidney, spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow all have reticular connective tissues. The role of stromal cells in lymphoid organs, such as red bone marrow, spleen, and lymph node stromal cells, is to form a stroma and give structural support.
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Substance: Definition, Meaning, and Examples
Continue ReadingSubstance Definition
The word substance comes from the Latin word substantia, which literally means “to stand under.”
(1) The physical matter, material, or substance that makes up an organ or a body.
(2) (In chemistry) A substance, matter, or object with a particular chemical composition and quality.
(3) The most important or necessary component of something.
(4) Substance misuse, as in drugs.
The term substance is used in biology to refer to the material that makes up an organ, such as ground substance or spongy substance. All compounds are substances in chemistry, but not all substances are compounds, because pure elements are chemical substances as well.
Chemical compounds can take the form of a solid, a liquid, or a gas. Water, salt, sugar, and other substances are examples. Light and heat are examples of energy that is not considered chemical substances.
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Synonymous: Definition, Meaning, and Examples
Continue ReadingSynonymous Definition
Having the same meaning as a synonym; expressing the same thing; communicating the same, or nearly same, concept. Synonymously, these phrases are made up of two assertions that are not unique in meaning, but rather one and the same thing presented in different ways; wisdom and knowledge are synonyms here.
” (Tillotson) The words are interchangeable and interchangeable. We have fewer than ten such terms in our language if no words are synonymous except those that are identical in use and meaning, such that one may always be replaced by the other.
However, the phrase more correctly implies that the terms in question are so close to one another that they may be used interchangeably in many, if not all, instances.
1. Words may therefore coincide in certain connections, and thus be interchanged, whereas they can not be interchanged in other connections. For example, we may speak of mental strength or mental force, but we speak of gravitational force (not strength).
2. Two words may differ somewhat, but this difference may be insignificant to the speaker’s purpose, allowing him to easily swap them.
For example, whether we talk about a guy having achieved his goal or having reached his goal makes little difference in most situations. For these and other reasons, we have a number of terms that may be used interchangeably in various instances or contexts, and they are referred to as synonyms.
Synonymous words “are words that, while having great and essential resemblances in meaning, also have small, minor, and partial differences, these differences being differences that were either inhered in them originally and on the basis of their etymology, or differences that have acquired in the eyes of all through usage, or differences that, though nearly latent now, are capable of receiving by the hands of intelligent and masters of the tongue in a low-key manner.
Synonyms are words that have a similar meaning in the main but differ in other ways.
” Synonyms include the terms “identical” and “interchangeable.”
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Vacuole: Definition, Meaning, and Examples
Continue ReadingVacuole Definition
Vacuolum is a shortened version of the word vacuum in Latin.
An intracellular secretion, excretion, storage, and digestion membrane-bound vesicle located in the cytoplasm of a cell. A vacuole is a membrane-bound cytoplasmic vesicle.
A vacuole contains a mixture of inorganic and organic substances. In some cases, ingested solid particles can be found in the vacuole.
Plants and fungi have it in their cells. It’s also been discovered in protists, mammals, and bacteria cells. Vacuoles come in a variety of sizes and shapes.
Vacuoles serve a variety of purposes as well. One of them is intended to function as a cubicle. Water (particularly in plant cells), waste materials, and tiny molecules can all be found in a vacuole.
It’s a necessary step in isolating elements that could harm the cell. In plant cells with big vacuoles, the vacuole maintains an internal hydrostatic pressure inside the cell, assisting plants by providing support for plant structures like leaves and flowers.
In seeds, the vacuole also serves as a storage vesicle. Proteins required for seed germination are stored in this organ.
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Voluntary Muscles: Definition, Meaning, and Examples
Continue ReadingVoluntary Muscles Definition
A muscle that can be voluntarily controlled.
Some of the body’s muscles can be intentionally controlled. Other muscles function at a subconscious level. Voluntary muscles are those that can be regulated at the user’s will (volition).
Involuntary muscles are those that are not controlled by the brain. Smooth and cardiac muscles are involuntary muscles, whereas skeletal muscles are voluntary.
Skeletal muscles are linked to the bones and are striated muscles (thus the name). When examined under a microscope, the striations are generated by the presence of transverse patterns in the muscle fibre.
Striations aren’t just seen in skeletal muscle fibres; they’re also found in cardiac muscle fibres.
The heart muscle, on the other hand, contracts in a rhythmic and autonomic manner. As a result, the heart muscle is classified as an involuntary muscle.
Skeletal muscles, in general, function at the will of an individual and are thus voluntary. The somatic nervous system is a component of the peripheral nervous system that is involved in skeletal muscle voluntary control of bodily motions.
Afferent and efferent nerves make up the somatic nervous system. The afferent nerves transmit information to the central nervous system, whereas the efferent nerves stimulate skeletal muscle contraction.
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Zoology: Definition, Meaning, and Examples
Continue ReadingZoology Definition
The word comes from the Greek words zôion (“animal”) and lógos (“knowledge”).
The study of the anatomy, physiology, development, and categorization of animals is a field of biology that deals with animals and animal life.
The study of animal anatomy, physiology, development, and categorization is included in zoology, a field of biology that deals with animals and animal life.
A zoologist is a professional who specialises in the discipline of zoology. The father of zoology, Aristotle, is revered.
It is divided into several sub-disciplines:
• Anatomy of animals (concerned with the anatomical features of animals)
• Physiology of animals (deals with the physiological processes in animals)
• Histology of animals (concerning the study of animal tissues)
• Embryology of animals (focused mainly on studying animal embryos)
• Taxonomic classification (including identification and classification of animals, and therefore encompasses fields such as mammalogy, herpetology, ornithology, entomology, ichthyology, invertebrate zoology, etc.)
• Zoogeography is a term that refers to the study of animals (concerned mainly with the study of animals and their habitats).
• Anatomical comparison (deals with the similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species)
• Ethology (the study of animal behaviour) is a branch of ethology.
Veterinary medicine is a closely connected subject. It is a field of medicine that deals with the illnesses and treatment of non-human animals in particular.
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Absorption: Definition, Meaning, and Examples
Continue ReadingAbsorption Definition
The word absorption comes from the Latin word absorptio, which means “to absorb.”
In a broad sense, absorption refers to the act or process of absorbing or assimilating something. Absorption refers to the process of absorbing or assimilating substances into the cell or across tissues and organs in biology. Diffusion or osmosis are used to accomplish this.
Absorption via the skin, for example, is one method for chemicals to enter the body. The act of absorbing some hazardous chemicals via the skin (also known as dermal absorption) is one of the ways they might enter the body (others include inhalation and ingestion).
For some medicines, dermal absorption can be utilised as a route of delivery. The absorption of digested food, particularly via the intestinal wall, is another type of biological absorption (especially in the small intestine).
By diffusion or active transport, the digested food in the small intestine travels past the walls of the small intestine and into the blood vessels.
Absorption refers to the act or process of keeping light energy without reflection or transmission after passing through a material, as in the absorption of light by atoms, in other related fields such as physics.
Absorption in chemistry refers to the process by which one material permeates another, such as a liquid penetrating or being absorbed by a solid.
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Phosphate Group: Definition, Characteristic, and Examples
Continue ReadingPhosphate Group Definition
A negative-charged functional group or radical composed primarily of phosphorus connected to four oxygen atoms. The sign PO4– is used to represent it.
The phosphate group plays a variety of roles in living organisms.
To begin with, it is a crucial structural component of the nucleotide, which is the fundamental structural unit of DNA and RNA.
Second, it is a constituent of energy-dense molecules like ATP.
Finally, it is linked to coenzymes involved in anabolic processes, such as NADP/NADPH (such as photosynthesis in plants and lipid synthesis in animals).
In biological membranes, it is also a component of the hydrophilic head of phospholipids.
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Ploidy: Definition, Characteristics, and Examples
Continue ReadingPloidy Definition
The number of homologous chromosomal sets that make up a cell’s or organism’s genome.
The number of sets of homologous chromosomes in a cell’s or organism’s genome is referred to as ploidy.
The number n is assigned to each set. As a result, one chromosomal set, 1n, is classified as monoploid.
The term haploid, on the other hand, refers to gametes that have only half of the normal sets of chromosomes seen in an organism’s somatic cells.
The combination of two haploid gametes, such as female and male gametes, produces a zygote with two sets of chromosomes, keeping the parents’ original chromosomal number.
The two sets of chromosomes would be homologous, meaning that the chromosomes from the female gamete would correspond to the corresponding chromosomes from the male gamete based on morphology and gene loci linear sequence.
Diploid refers to a cell or organism with two sets of homologous chromosomes, 2n.
Polyploid refers to an organism’s genome having numerous sets of paired chromosomes. Triploid means three sets of chromosomes, whereas tetraploid means four sets of chromosomes.
A huge number of sets can be labelled with a number (for example 15-ploid for fifteen sets).
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Variation: Definition, Meaning, and Examples
Continue ReadingVariation Definition
A divergence or deviation from a recognised norm or standard (e.g., in structure, form, or function).
In genetics: Differences in genetics within and between species or populations. A mutant or a variation in genetics.
Differences or variations from a known norm or standard are referred to as variations. It might be a difference in the structure, shape, or function of an organism that distinguishes it from other organisms of the same species or group.
Variety in genetics refers to an individual who differs in some manner from others of his or her species.
The most prevalent source of genetic variation is a mutation in a gene that codes for a protein or RNA.
Variations can be represented in an individual’s phenotype, such as a change in size, colour, or pattern, or they can be detected exclusively by DNA or protein sequencing.
A particular variant can result from mutations in a single gene or through interactions between numerous genes.
Variations among populations of the same species residing in different locations of the world can be distinguished.
Variation can thus be quantified at two levels: at the individual level, i.e. variations between individuals in a family or population, and at the population level, i.e. differences across populations in various locations.
Word origin: Latin variātiōn– (s. of variātiō), equiv. to variāt(us).
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